Anthropogenic climate change poses a major threat to human physical and psychological health. However, it can be mitigated by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This Position Statement outlines four major mitigation strategies and associated health benefits most relevant to Australia and New Zealand. These strategies are: a) Decrease fossil fuel combustion in energy generation and transport b) Reduce fossil fuel extraction c) Decrease emissions from agriculture and food production d) Improve energy efficiency of homes and buildings. This Position Statement outlines the evidence for the association between these strategies and improved health outcomes, as well as some ways by which the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP), government, and the broader community can advocate for action.