This report draws from the previously described social vulnerability models and other resources to examine the effects of extreme weather events and climate-related challenges among vulnerable populations and highlighting opportunities for future focus. The intent of this research is to provide an inventory of available baseline data and prior research as well as a compendium of resources on policies and programs to inform public health practitioners, policymakers, advocates, and others. Drawing from these findings, this report also offers recommendations to develop future policies and priorities that incorporate vulnerable populations into both their scope and goals.