Outdoor air pollution is linked to respiratory problems in children, including decreased lung function, coughing, wheezing, more frequent respiratory illness, and asthma exacerbation. In 1970, Congress passed the federal Clean Air Act to address these and other concerns about America’s worsening air quality.The Clean Air Act is now being extended to reduce carbon emissions from power plants, with final rulemaking underway. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clean Power Plan seeks to allow states to meet carbon reduction targets via 1 or more state-determined compliance strategies. These actions are essential to limit immediate impacts on child respiratory health and in curtailing global climate change.While Clean Power Plan implementation activities by EPA have been delayed by a US Supreme Court Ruling, states can continue to plan for implementation and work with regulators and power producers to limit carbon emissions.